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Creators/Authors contains: "Carvalho, M"

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  1. Los bosques de la Formación Guaduas (Maastrichtiano, 72-66 Ma) dan evidencia de la asociación florística y ecológica de los bosques en el trópico a finales del Cretácico. Estos bosques habitaban en zonas de tierras bajas, presentaban alta precipitación (>2000 mm anuales), abundancia y diversidad de angiospermas, y una alta intensidad de herbivoría por parte de insectos. El dosel de estos bosques era abierto, con coníferas presentes como árboles emergentes. Los helechos son abundantes en el registro polínico de final del Cretácico, pero aún se desconocen sus afinidades taxonómicas dada la escasez natural de fósiles de helechos en floras en las que predominan angiospermas. En esta ponencia se presentan cuatro especies de helechos de la flora de la Formación Guaduas representados por fósiles de frondas vegetativas y fértiles, e incluyen especies de Acrosticum (Pteridaceae), Blechnaceae, y Polypodiaceae. Dos especies son afines a Polypodiaceae: una de éstas presenta caracteres de venación que lo asocian a un clado Neotropical derivado en Polypodiaceae, mientras que la segunda especie comparte caracteres con varios linajes basales en esta familia. Estos registros indican la ocurrencia de varios linajes de Polypodiaceae en los bosques del Cretácico y contribuyen al escaso conocimiento de la flora fósil en el Neotrópico. 
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  2. The Paleocene-Eocene boundary and the early Eocene recorded the warmest temperatures of the last 60 million years. Global estimates of sea surface temperatures and many climate models have suggested a collapse of the Neotropical forests under high tropical temperatures during the early Eocene, however, the pollen record available indicates that tropical rainforests were able to persist under the increasing temperatures. Here, we test whether increased leaf evapotranspiration and consequent thermal cooling may have provided a mechanism for tropical plants to cope with increasing temperatures and avoid thermal damage to the photosynthetic machinery. We compare leaf anatomical and geochemical data from tropical plants grown under high CO2 – high temperatures at the Smithsonian Tropical Dome Project to determine whether changes in leaf evapotranspiration can be potentially observed in fossilized leaves. Results from these experiments are then compared with late Paleocene (Cerrejón Fm., 58-60 Ma) and recently discovered early Eocene (Bogotá Fm.) leaf cuticles from Colombia, as a means to assess relative changes in leaf evapotranspiration in Neotropical rainforests during the global warming events of the early Eocene. 
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